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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Goodman and Kruskal's gamma ： ウィキペディア英語版 Goodman and Kruskal's gamma In statistics, Goodman and Kruskal's gamma is a measure of rank correlation, i.e., the similarity of the orderings of the data when ranked by each of the quantities. It measures the strength of association of the cross tabulated data when both variables are measured at the ordinal level. It makes no adjustment for either table size or ties. Values range from −1 (100% negative association, or perfect inversion) to +1 (100% positive association, or perfect agreement). A value of zero indicates the absence of association. This statistic (which is distinct from Goodman and Kruskal's lambda) is named after Leo Goodman and William Kruskal, who proposed it in a series of papers from 1954 to 1972. == Definition == The estimate of gamma, ''G'', depends on two quantities: : *''Ns'', the number of pairs of cases ranked in the same order on both variables (number of concordant pairs), : *''Nd'', the number of pairs of cases ranked in reversed order on both variables (number of reversed pairs), where "ties" are dropped. That is cases where either of the two variables in the pair are equal. Then :$G=\backslash frac\backslash \; .$ This statistic can be regarded as the maximum likelihood estimator for the theoretical quantity $\backslash gamma$, where :$\backslash gamma=\backslash frac\backslash \; ,$ and where ''P''''s'' and ''P''''d'' are the probabilities that a randomly selected pair of observations will place in the same or opposite order respectively, when ranked by both variables. Critical values for the gamma statistic are sometimes found by using an approximation, whereby a transformed value, ''t'' of the statistic is referred to Student t distribution, where : $t\; \backslash approx\; G\; \backslash sqrt\; \}\backslash \; ,$ and where ''n'' is the number of observations (not the number of pairs): : $n\; \backslash ne\; N\_s+N\_d.\; \backslash ,$ 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Goodman and Kruskal's gamma」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.